Imago Dei dan Kercerdasan Buatan: Membaca Ulang Antropologi Kristologis Calvin dalam Konteks Kepribadian Digital
Imago Dei and Artificial Intelligence: Re-reading Calvin's Christological Anthropology in the Context of Digital Personhood
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), which is capable of mimicking human cognitive and affective functions, raises a fundamental question: can digital entities be considered persons deserving of human dignity? This study aims to re-reading the concept of the soul as substantia within the framework of John Calvin’s Christological anthropology, to provide a solid theological foundation for the discourse on the imago Dei in the age of artificial intelligence. This study employs a qualitative methods, including a literature review of Calvin’s major works—Institutes of the Christian Religion, Psychopannychia, and biblical commentaries—as well as a systematic theological approach and dialogue with contemporary technological issues. The findings reveal that, for Calvin, human personhood is rooted in the soul as the true seat of the imago Dei, not in cognitive or performative capacities. The human soul, as God’s creation, is restored to unity with Christ through the work of the Holy Spirit. This understanding establishes a clear ontological boundary between humans and digital entities, which are artifactual. Thus, Calvin’s Christological anthropology offers an important contribution to building a reflective and ethical framework for the church and society in responding to the advancement of human-like artificial intelligence.
Abstrak
Perkembangan pesat kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI), yang mampu meniru fungsi kognitif dan afektif manusia, memunculkan pertanyaan mendasar: apakah entitas digital dapat dikategorikan sebagai person dengan martabat setara manusia? Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pembacaan ulang konsep jiwa sebagai substantia dalam kerangka antropologi Kristologis John Calvin, guna memberikan landasan teologis yang kokoh dalam diskursus imago Dei di era kecerdasan buatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan terhadap karya-karya utama Calvin—Institutes of the Christian Religion, Psychopannychia, dan tafsiran Alkitab—serta pendekatan teologi sistematik dan dialog dengan isu teknologi kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagi Calvin, kepribadian (personhood) manusia berakar pada jiwa sebagai tempat hakiki imago Dei, bukan pada kapasitas kognitif atau performatif. Jiwa manusia, sebagai ciptaan Allah, dipulihkan dalam kesatuan dengan Kristus melalui karya Roh Kudus. Pemahaman ini menegaskan batas ontologis yang jelas antara manusia dan entitas digital, yang bersifat artefaktual. Dengan demikian, antropologi Kristologis Calvin menawarkan kontribusi penting dalam membangun kerangka reflektif dan etis bagi gereja dan masyarakat dalam merespons kemajuan kecerdasan buatan yang menyerupai manusia.
Kata-kata kunci: imago Dei, kecerdasan buatan, substantia, kepribadian digital, Calvin, antropologi
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