Sains Sebagai Keselamatan Dalam Pandangan Francis Bacon
Abstract
Abstrak: Sains sebagai keselamatan adalah ungkapan yang kerap digunakan secara peyoratif untuk menggambarkan dampak sains dan teknologi yang mencelakakan manusia. Artikel ini akan menunjukkan bahwa ide ‘sains sebagai keselamatan’ dapat dilacak ke Francis Bacon (1561-1626) dan ditafsirkan secara ketat menurut doktrin keselamatan Kristiani. Bacon merancang suatu program raksasa untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran dan pembaharuan pengetahuan. Namun, pada abad ke-16, setiap upaya untuk mencanangkan perluasan pengetahuan perlu terlebih dulu merehabilitasi status moral pengetahuan yang diasosiasikan dengan petaka di Firdaus, yang membawa dosa masuk ke dunia. Secara cermat Bacon menangani keprihatinan moral dan teologis zamannya dengan cara menjalin unsur eskatologis ke dalam programnya. Dia lalu menyuguhkan restorasi pengetahuan sebagai kasus partikular dalam sejarah keselamatan yang akan memulihkan penguasaan dan kuasa manusia atas alam, dan pada waktunya membebaskan manusia dari kesengsaraan material.
Kata Kunci: Sains, alam, kejatuhan, pemulihan, instauratio, apokalips, sejarah keselamatan, kemaslahatan.
Abstract: Science as salvation' is a term used pejoratively to refer to the harmful impact of science and technology. This article will show that the idea of ‘science as salvation’ can be traced back to Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and was strictly construed according to the Christian doctrine of salvation. Bacon devised a comprehensive programme for the advancement of learning and the restoration of knowledge. But any sixteenth-century proposals for the expansion of knowledge first required a rehabilitation of the moral status of knowledge long tainted by an image of catastrophe leading to the fall from the Garden of Eden, in which knowledge brought sins into the world. Bacon meticulously worked on the moral and theological concern of knowledge by weaving an eschatological element into his programme. He then espoused the restoration of knowledge as a particular case in the history of salvation envisaged to eventually restore human Arcadian mastery and dominion over nature, which in turn was expected to relieve humans from material sufferings.
Keywords: Knowledge, sin, fall, salvation, instauratio, apocalyps, sacred history.
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